Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CD6(C6/372), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD6 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a 24-amino acid signal sequence, three extracellular scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, a membrane-spanning domain and a 44-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The CD6 glycoprotein is tyrosine phosphorylated during TCR-mediated T cell activation. CD6 shows significant homology to CD5. CD6 is present on mature thymocytes, peripheral T cells and a subset of B cells. Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent graft versus host disease.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC / Gastric Mucin)(rMUC5AC/3779), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes the peptide core of gastric mucin M1 (recently identified as Mucin 5AC). Its epitope is located in the C-terminal cysteine rich part of the peptide core of MUC5AC. Its epitope is destroyed by beta-mercaptoethanol but not by periodate treatment. This mucin is present in primary ovarian mucinous cancer but usually absent in colorectal adenocarcinoma, thus showing an expression pattern opposite to MUC2. Together with a panel of antibodies, Anti-MUC5AC may be useful for differential identification of primary mucinous ovarian tumors from colon adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary. MUC5AC antibodies may also be useful for identification of intestinal metaplasia as well as in the identification of pancreatic carcinoma and pre-cancerous changes vs. normal pancreas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent
Biotium bcl-2(BCL2/796), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as Bcl-2. This antibody shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax proteins. Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. It regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Bcl-2 appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. It inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). Expression of Bcl-2 inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of Bcl-2 protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those foll
Biotium Cytochrome C (Mitochondrial Marker)(rCYCS/1010), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an epitope within amino acids 93-104 of pigeon Cytochrome C, a well-characterized mobile electron transport protein that is essential to energy conversion in all aerobic organisms. In mammalian cells, this highly conserved protein is normally localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space. More recent studies have identified cytosolic cytochrome c as a factor necessary for activation of apoptosis. During apoptosis, cytochrome c is trans-located from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, where it is required for activation of caspase-3 (CPP32). Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to prevent the translocation of cytochrome c, thereby blocking the apoptotic process. Overexpression of Bax has been shown to induce the release of cytochrome c and to induce cell death. The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is thought to trigger an apoptotic cascade, whereby Apaf-1 binds to Apaf-3 (caspase-9) in a cytochrome c-dependent manner, leading to caspase-9
Biotium Topoisomerase II alpha (Proliferation & Drug-Resistance Marker) (TOP2A/1362), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a 170 kDa protein, which is identified as topoisomerase IIα. It shows no cross-reaction with topoisomerase IIβ or topoisomerase I. Topo IIα plays important roles in synthesis and transcription of DNA as well as chromosomal segregation during mitosis. It is reported to be a sensitive and specific marker of late S-, G2- & M-phases in transformed and developmentally regulated normal cells. Topo IIα is also implicated in drug resistance of tumor cells.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium SOX4 (Master Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) (SOX4/2540), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX4 is a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors with a critical role in embryonic development and in cell-fate determination during organogenesis of the heart, pancreas, brain, and in B and T lymphocyte differentiation. SOX4 gene expression is upregulated in many cancer types, and increased SOX4 activity contributes to cellular transformation, cell survival, and metastasis. Gene expression profiling has uncovered SOX4 with upregulated activity during TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells. SOX4 is indispensable for EMT and cell survival in vitro and for primary tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. SOX4 is identified as a master regulator of EMT by governing the expression of the epigenetic modifier Ezh2.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates
Biotium MUC4 (Mucin 4 / Gastric Mucin)(MUC4/3105), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. MUC-4 transcripts have been detected in normal respiratory epithelium and lung. MUC-4 is a very specific (100%) and sensitive (90%) marker of lung adenocarcinomas and is negative for mesotheliomas. Reportedly, MUC-4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is an independent factor for poor prognosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S an
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/1374), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function in clinical assays.Primary antibodie
Biotium Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) (Histiocytoma Marker) (AACT/1452), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Alpha-1 Antichymotrypsin (AACT) is a plasma protease inhibitor synthesized in the liver as a single glycopeptide chain. In human, the normal serum level of AACT is about one-tenth that of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), with which it shares nucleic acid and protein sequence homology. Both are major acute phase reactants; their concentrations in plasma increase in response to trauma, surgery and infection. Elevated levels of AACT are widely, but not universally, reported in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of AD patients. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its SDS-stable complex with AACT are in widespread use as markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. AACT deficiency may also be a possible cause of chronic liver disease. AACT antibody reacts with histiocytes and histiocytic neoplasms. It is widely used to identify histiocytes and tumors derived from them. Acinar tumors of the pancreas and salivary gland may also exhibit AACT positivity.Primary antibodies are available pur
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/2809R), 0.2mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function.Primary antibodies are available purified
Biotium GAD1 / GAD67 (GABAergic Neuronal Marker) (GAD1/2563), 0.2mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 67 kDa, which is identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GDA1). There are two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) that are found in the brain: GAD65 (also known as GAD2) and GAD67 (also known as GAD1. GAD65 and GAD67 are members of the group II decarboxylase family of proteins and are responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the production of GABA (ÃŽ³-aminobutyric acid) from L-glutamic acid. Although both GAD s are found in the brain, GAD65 localizes to synaptic vesicle membranes in nerve terminals, while GAD67 is distributed throughout the cell. GAD67 is responsible for the basal levels of GABA synthesis. In the case of a heightened demand for GABA in neurotransmission, GAD65 will transiently activate to assist in GABA production. The loss of GAD65 is detrimental and can impair GABA neurotransmission, however the loss of GAD67 is lethal.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF
Biotium ER-beta-1 (Estrogen Receptor beta-1)(ESR2/3005), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics. Primary antibodies are available purified, o
Biotium Dystrophin (DMD) (Marker of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy)(DMD/3244), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) connects the F-Actin cytoskeleton on the inner surface of muscle fibers to the surrounding extracellular matrix, through the cell membrane interface. A deficiency in this protein contributes to Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies. The human dystrophin gene measures 2. 4 megabases, has more than 80 exons, produces a 14 kb mRNA and contains at least 8 independent tissue-specific promoters and 2 poly A sites. The dystrophin mRNA can undergo differential splicing and produce a range of transcripts that encode a large set of proteins. Dystrophin represents approximately 0. 002% of total striated muscle protein and localizes to triadic junctions in skeletal muscle, where it is thought to influence calcium ion homeostasis and force transmission. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of bl